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  <titleInfo>
    <title>By force and fear</title>
    <subTitle>taking and breaking monastic vows in early modern Europe</subTitle>
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  <name type="personal">
    <namePart>Schutte, Anne Jacobson.</namePart>
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    <place>
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    <publisher>Cornell University Press</publisher>
    <dateIssued>2011</dateIssued>
    <issuance>monographic</issuance>
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  <language>
    <languageTerm authority="iso639-2b" type="code">eng</languageTerm>
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    <extent>1 online resource (xii, 285 pages) : illustrations (some color), portraits (some color), maps</extent>
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  <abstract>Drawing on records of the Congregation of the Council, held in the Vatican Archive, Schutte examines nearly one thousand petitions for annulment of monastic vows submitted to the Pope and adjudicated by the Council during a 125-year period, from 1668 to 1793. She considers petitions from Roman Catholic regions across Europe and a few from Latin America and finds that, in about half these cases, the congregation reached a decision. Many women and a smaller proportion of men got what they asked for: decrees nullifying their monastic profession and releasing them from religious houses. Schutte also reaches important conclusions about relations between elders and offspring in early modern families. Contrary to the picture historians have painted of increasingly less patriarchal and more egalitarian families, she finds numerous instances of fathers, mothers, and other relatives (including older siblings) employing physical violence and psychological pressure to compel adolescents into "entering religion." Dramatic tales from the archives show that many victims of such violence remained so intimidated that they dared not petition the pope until the agents of force and fear had died, by which time they themselves were middle-aged. Schutte's innovative book will be of great interest to scholars of early modern Europe, especially those who work on religion, the Church, family, and gender.-- Book jacket.</abstract>
  <tableOfContents>Forced monachization, 1668-1793 : an overview -- Literary and historiographical contexts -- Elders and forced monachization -- Waging law in the congregation of the council -- Contracts and fear in monachization and marriage -- Witnesses to forced monachization -- Degrees of separation -- War and coerced monachization -- Continuity and change in forced monachization.</tableOfContents>
  <note type="statement of responsibility">Anne Jacobson Schutte.</note>
  <note>Includes bibliographical references and index.</note>
  <subject>
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  <subject authority="lcsh">
    <topic>Vows</topic>
    <topic>History</topic>
  </subject>
  <subject authority="lcsh">
    <topic>Profession (in religious orders, congregations, etc.)</topic>
    <topic>History</topic>
  </subject>
  <subject authority="lcsh">
    <topic>Vows (Canon law)</topic>
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  <subject authority="lcsh">
    <topic>Dispensations (Canon law)</topic>
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  <subject authority="lcsh">
    <topic>Monastic and religious life</topic>
    <geographic>Europe</geographic>
    <topic>History</topic>
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  <subject authority="bisacsh">
    <topic>HISTORY</topic>
    <topic>Renaissance</topic>
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    <topic>Dispensations (Canon law)</topic>
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    <topic>Monastic and religious life</topic>
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  <subject authority="fast">
    <topic>Vows (Canon law)</topic>
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  <subject authority="fast">
    <geographic>Europe</geographic>
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  <subject authority="gnd">
    <topic>Geistliches Leben</topic>
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  <subject authority="gnd">
    <topic>Mönchtum</topic>
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  <subject authority="gnd">
    <topic>Gelübde</topic>
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  <subject authority="gnd">
    <topic>Freiwilligkeit</topic>
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  <subject authority="gnd">
    <topic>Zwang</topic>
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  <subject authority="gnd">
    <topic>Dispens</topic>
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  <subject authority="gnd">
    <topic>Profess</topic>
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  <subject authority="gnd">
    <topic>Exklaustrierung</topic>
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    <topic>Säkularisierung</topic>
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    <geographic>Europa</geographic>
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    <geographic>Europa</geographic>
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  <classification authority="lcc">BX2435 .S39 2011eb</classification>
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