Includes bibliographical references (pages 189-196).

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9783940924551; 9783940924551; Half Title; Title; Copyright; Contents; Foreword; Acknowledgements; Introduction; Background; The Objective; Defining Key Terms and Methodology; Scope and Structure; 1. Divine Trial Narratives in the Qurâ#x80;#x99;an: A Typology; Trial and Tribulation: Purpose in Divine Plan; Means of Divine Trial; Divine Trial as Punishment; Manâ#x80;#x99;s Response to Divine Trial; A Linguistic Overview of balÄ#x81; and fitna; A General Overview of balÄ#x81; and fitna Narratives; Classifications of balÄ#x81; and fitna Narratives

(A) Divine Trial as the Central Pillar of theCreational Structure of the Cosmos(b) Manifestation of Divine Trial; (c) Objects of Divine Trial; (d) Divine Trial Visited on Prophets andTheir Communities; Conclusion; 2. Divine Trial in Prophetic Traditions and Qurâ#x80;#x99;anic Exegesis; Divine Trial in the Prophetic Traditions (hadÄ«th); An Overview of Qurâ#x80;#x99;anic Exegesis (tafsÄ«r); Sunnite Commentaries (tafsÄ«r); Shiâ#x80;#x99;ite Commentaries (tafsÄ«r); Trial from an Exegetical Perspective; Verses on Divine Trial as a Fundamental Pillar of theCreational Structure of the Cosmos

Verses on Manifestation of Divine Trial in Manâ#x80;#x99;s LifeVerses on Objects of Divine Trial; Verses on Divine Trial Visited on Prophets and Their Communities; Conclusion; 3. The Qurâ#x80;#x99;anic Prophets and Divine Trial; Overview of Divine Trial in the Lives of the Prophets; Noah (NÅ«h); Abraham (IbrÄ#x81;him); Lot (LÅ«t); Moses (MÅ«sÄ#x81;); Jonah (YÅ«nus); Job (AyyÅ«b); Joseph (YÅ«suf); David (DÄ#x81;wÅ«d) and Solomon (SulaymÄ#x81;n); Jesus (IsÄ#x81;); Muhammad; Conclusion; 4. Divine Trial from the Muslim Mystical Perspective; What is â#x80;#x9C;Mysticismâ#x80;#x9D;?; Muslim Mysticism

JalÄ#x81;l al-DÄ«n RÅ«mÄ«: A Brief Historical BackgroundGod and the Cosmos; Creation of Adam: The â#x80;#x9C;Fallâ#x80;#x9D; as Context for Divine Trial; Human Life as a Divine Trial: The Spiritual Development; Self-knowledge (maâ#x80;#x99;rifat al-nafs); Self-purification (tazkiyat al-nafs); Rumi on Self-purification (tazkiyat al-nafs); Rumi on Trial and Tribulation and the Concept of Suffering; Conclusion; 5. Divine Trial and Muslim Theodicy; The Problem of Evil: An Overview; Perspectives in Theodicy: A Synopsis; GhazÄ#x81;lian Theodicy: Concept of the â#x80;#x9C;Best of All Possible Worldsâ#x80;#x9D;

GhazÄ#x81;lÄ« on God and Creation-in-TimeThe Best of All Possible Worlds: Context for Trust in God; Trial and Tribulation in the Context of theâ#x80;#x9C;Best of All Possible Worldsâ#x80;#x9D;; Conclusion; Conclusion; Appendix; BalÄ#x81; Narratives in the Qurâ#x80;#x99;an; Fitna Narratives in the Qurâ#x80;#x99;an; Notes; Bibliography

This book offers a critical analysis and re-examination of the notion of Divine trial, first by providing a comprehensive typology and a contextual interpretation of the Qur'anic narratives pertaining to the concept. Divine trial is then investigated through a historical review of prophetic tradition (hadith) and the exegetical literature (tafsir); followed by a discussion on Prophetology, and an overview of bala in the lives of the prophets._x000B_The book further develops key aspects of Muslim theology and mysticism through an examination of the works of Rumi and al-Ghazali.

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