Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

1. Traditional Christian anthropology and its modern critics.
I. Early Christian views of the afterlife --
II. Dualistic anthropologies :
A. Augustine ; B. Thomas Aquinas ; C. John Calvin ; D. Rene Descartes ; E. Conclusion --
III. Nondualistic philosophical anthropologies :
A. Thomas Hobbes and Materialism ; B. Baruch Spinoza and Dual-Aspect Monism ; C. Conclusion --
IV. The scientific challenge to dualism --
V. The challenge to dualism from biblical scholarship --
VI. The historical-theological challenge to dualism --
VII. The challenge to dualism from Christian Orthopraxis --
VIII. Conclusion.

2. Old Testament Anthropology : The Holistic Emphasis.
I. Introduction: The State of the Debate 33
A. Traditional Christian Dualism 33
B. Modern Christian Antidualism 34
C. Some Questions 36
II. The Holistic Emphasis of the Old Testament 37
A. Antidualist Emphases 37
B. Old Testament Anthropological Terms 38
C. Preliminary Results for the Holism-Dualism Debate 43
III. Philosophical Reflections 45
A. The Old Testament, Holism, and Monism 45
B. The Old Testament and Philosophical Anthropology 49
Three Old Testament Anthropology:
The Dualistic Implication 52
I. The Old Testament View of Existence after Death 52
A. Introduction: The Rephaim in Sheol 52
B. Sheol 54
C. Existence in Sheol 55
D. Terminology for the Dead 59
E. Hope Beyond the Grave; Resurrection 62
II. Philosophical Reflection: Holistic Dualism 66
A. Clarifying the Anthropological Image 66
B. Dualism: The Inescapable Implication
of Existence in Sheol 69
C. Holistic Dualism: Philosophical Implication
of Old Testament Anthropology 70
Four The Anthropology of
Intertestamental Eschatology 73